Law courts in the UK have a long and complex history that dates back to the early Middle Ages. The 19th century. The creation of new courts, such as the Court of Appeal in 1875, helped to streamline the legal process and ensure that cases could be reviewed at a higher level. The establishment of the Crown Court in 1971 marked another important development, as it brought greater specialization and efficiency to the handling of criminal cases. If no appeal is made or the appeal is unsuccessful, the court’s decision becomes final. In criminal cases, this may lead to the imposition of a sentence, which could involve a fine, community service, imprisonment, or another form of punishment. In civil cases, the defendant may be ordered to pay damages or comply with a court order, such as a child custody arrangement or an injunction. The system is divided into various levels of courts, each with distinct functions and jurisdictions. The structure of courts in the UK includes Magistrates’ Courts, County Courts, the Crown Court, High Courts, and the Court of Appeal UK, leading to the highest level, the UK Supreme Court. Each level is administered differently but under the overall guidance of the Ministry of Justice and the judiciary. The courts in Ireland also interacts with the European Union legal framework. EU law is directly applicable in Ireland, and Irish courts are obligated to interpret domestic law in line with EU treaties and regulations. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Luxembourg acts as the final arbiter in matters of EU law. To summarise, the Irish court system form a dynamic and principled framework for delivering justice. From local District Courts to the Supreme Court, the Irish judiciary ensures that laws are applied fairly, rights are protected, and the Constitution is upheld. In recent years, there has been a effort to modernise within the UK court system.